The configuration of energy storage power station on the grid side can effectively increase the peak shaving capacity of the system and the amount of wind and light consumption.However,the investment cost of electrochemical energy storage power station is high.How to reasonably configure the energy storage capacity is an important basis for improving efficiency and expanding application scenarios.From the perspective of the grid side,this paper proposes an optimal configuration method of energy storage capacity considering equivalent life loss and multi-dimensional benefits.Firstly,the life parameters of energy storage battery are analyzed,and the equivalent life loss model of energy storage is established to increase the adaptability of the model to the real scene.Secondly,the annual cost function of system operation cost and energy storage investment operation and maintenance is quantitatively calculated.At the same time,the income of peak-valley price difference of energy storage on the grid side,the income of auxiliary peak regulation and the income of delaying equipment transformation are taken into account.Finally,the constraint relationship between the equivalent life loss and the energy storage operation strategy is embedded into the model to solve the optimal configuration capacity of the energy storage side and the optimal charging and discharging operation strategy of the energy storage battery.The simulation results show that the model can effectively improve the economy of energy storage power station in the application scenario of this paper.

Grid-forming virtual synchronous generator （GFVSG）has certain virtual inertia and virtual damping support capabilities by introducing the rotor motion equation of synchronous generators,but it inevitably introduces active-power dynamic oscillation problems into the GFVSG grid-connected parallel systems.As one of the important improvement measures to effectively solve the active-power dynamic oscillation problems existing in the GFVSG grid-connected/parallel systems,transient damping methods have recently attracted widespread attention and have achieved rich theoretical research as well as practical application results.This paper analyzes the working principle and main role of transient damping methods in GFVSG control,summarizes the typical implementation methods and research status of transient damping methods,and analyzes,summarizes,and discusses the research prospects,possible challenges may be faced,and key technical problems that need to be overcome in the future of transient damping methods.

The accuracy of wind power prediction has a significant impact on the operation of the power system.This paper proposes a wind power ultra short term prediction method based on kernel principal component analysis combined with attention mechanism using short-term and short-term memory neural networks.This method performs kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of all features in the wind farm dataset.And the Attention mechanism is introduced,using LSTM to allocate more attention to feature elements that have a significant impact on the power at the prediction time,in order to achieve more accurate prediction results.The experimental results show that the proposed prediction model can effectively achieve ultra short term prediction of wind power,and has higher prediction accuracy compared to traditional BP neural networks and LSTM networks.

The pipeline transportation system in thermal power plants is a critical infrastructure for the conveyance of liquids or gases,and the safety of the system's pipelines is of paramount importance.This paper,in conjunction with the current state of research both domestically and internationally,provides a comprehensive review of the hardware and software methods for detecting leaks in energy supply pipelines.Hardware methods for pipeline leak detection rely on sensor measurements,which are suitable for detecting small flow leaks but are costly and cannot provide continuous monitoring.Software methods for pipeline leak detection utilize computer analysis,which are more cost-effective, capable of rapid leak detection,but require a substantial amount of historical data and real-time sensor data.This paper also summarizes and analyzes the technical limitations of various pipeline leak detection methods and provides an outlook on future research directions.To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of leak detection,it is necessary to integrate multiple technical methods.Furthermore,the development of leak detection technology should be directed towards integration,intelligence,and automation,improving the stability of real-time data transmission and the precision of computational accuracy.

In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,various industries in China are flourishing and their dependence on energy is increasing.New clean energy is gradually replacing fossil energy with its clean and pollution-
free advantages.However,due to the power fluctuation and intermittency of new energy photovoltaic power generation, and generally working at maximum power,it is unable to provide or absorb additional energy to respond to grid frequency events.At the same time,a large number of new energy and power electronic equipment are connected to the grid,leading to a sharp decline in the system's anti-interference ability.Therefore,in order to solve the above problems,this article uses energy storage devices to suppress the power fluctuations of photovoltaic power generation, improve the utilization rate of solar power generation,and improve the traditional second-order synchronous machine control of inverters.A first-order transient voltage control is introduced to simulate the third-order model of synchronous machines,and a joint active support control strategy for photovoltaic energy storage is proposed to provide better voltage frequency support for the power grid.The superiority of active support for photovoltaic energy storage is verified through simulation.

With the increase of wind power penetration rate,the response ability of doubly-fed wind turbines to grid frequency gradually weakens,which has a huge impact on the frequency stability of the system.The independent frequency regulation capability of the doubly-fed wind turbines is currently insufficient to meet the frequency deviation requirements of the system,and it will result in high wind power permeability and low energy utilization rate.Therefore, energy storage equipment will be installed on the grid side of the doubly-fed wind turbines to form a wind storage joint system to participate in the primary frequency regulation of the system.In the article,a variable coefficient wind storage joint system based on the rotor speed and state of charge （SOC）is proposed to participate in the primary frequency regulation control strategy by utilizing the rotor kinetic energy of the wind turbine and the output of the energy storage equipment to jointly undertake the primary frequency regulation power demand.The doubly-fed wind turbine responds to the virtual inertia link by releasing or absorbing its own rotor kinetic energy,and dynamically adjusts the virtual inertia coefficient through its own rotor speed,andthe energy storage device dynamically adjusts the virtual droop coefficient based on its own state of charge to participate in the frequency response droop process.Finally,by building a simulation model to compare the frequency modulation effects of variable coefficient method,fixed coefficient method, and wind power independent frequency modulation under step load disturbance and continuous load disturbance,it is verified that the control strategy in the article can effectively reduce system frequency deviation.At the same time,the doubly-fed wind turbine can fully utilize its inherent rotor kinetic energy,and the energy storage equipment can also output smoothly,alleviating its overcharging and discharging problems,andimprove its service life.

In the context of dual carbon,technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage （CCS）and Power-to-Gas（P2G）are the key to realizing low-carbon economic operation of the Integrated Energy System （IES）。important means.In order to take into account the low-carbonization and economic benefits of IES,this paper proposes a low-carbon IES optimal dispatch model including CCS-P2G.First,at the technical level,IES combines a carbon capture power plant with a solution storage and a two-stage power-to-gas device,and analyzes the linear relationship between carbon dioxide mass and solution volume and CCS operating energy consumption and total output to further simplify the CCS model.At the same time,the conventional hydrogen storage tank model is improved,reducing the computational burden required.Secondly,at the market mechanism level,the paper introduces a carbon trading mechanism and a wind power trading mechanism.Finally,an optimal scheduling strategy based on minimizing the total operating cost of IES as the objective function is proposed.Different scenarios were set up for comparative analysis to verify the effectiveness of the scheduling plan.

Current deep learning architectures,particularly Transformer-based models,have demonstrated superior performance in power system transient stability assessment.However,conventional Transformers exhibit insufficient localized feature extraction capability for transient data characteristics.To address this limitation,we propose a Swin Transformer-based transient stability evaluation framework for power systems.By replacing the fixed block-based self-attention mechanism with a hybrid windowing approach that integrates non-overlapping local windows and shifted windows,our method enables synergistic computation of local-global attention patterns.This architecture effectively captures multi-grained features from power system transient data while improving predictive accuracy.Furthermore,our framework incorporates attention mechanism-guided key component identification through adaptive focus allocation, where attention weight distributions are analyzed to establish correlations with system instability modes.This not only enhances model interpretability but also optimizes computational efficiency.Notably,the proposed model exhibits linear computational complexity with respect to feature map dimensions,contrasting with the quadratic complexity inherent in traditional Transformers.Simulation results on the IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system demonstrate that our approach outperforms conventional deep learning and machine learning methods in stability assessment accuracy while maintaining lower computational costs compared to standard Transformer architectures.

Battery energy storage systems （BESS）with bidirectional fast response capabilities can provide dynamic frequency responses to electricity grids,alleviating imbalances caused by fluctuating renewable power outputs.In order to ensure the economic effectiveness of BESS participating in frequency response services,it is necessary to reasonably optimise BESS capacity configurations together with operating strategies.From the perspective of the UK's Dynamic Moderation frequency response service market,this paper develops a closer-to-real-time energy management for BESS through dynamic adjustment of operational baselines so as to ensure that BESS comply with the market's State of Energy Management Rules （SoEMRs）and have sufficient energy footroom and headroom to completely cope with low-and high-frequency events.Furthermore,the techno-economic operation of BESS throughout its service life is simulated and translated into an equivalent annual annuity which is maximised to determine the best BESS capacities and operating strategy variables.Simulation results show that the optimised BESS can fully respond to all the frequency events and follow the SoEMRs for the majority of the time.The paper provides deep insights into the energy storage-friendly frequency response service markets in the UK that protects the benefits of energy-limited participants,which have reference significance and practical values for the development of ancillary service markets and the operation of BESS in China.

Because the scheme of energy storage unit inside the wind turbine has the advantages of flexibility and controllability,it is widely used in the field of fault ride through.However,the difference of energy storage unit is not considered in the previous analysis,which may cause power imbalance during the fault period and endanger the safe and stable operation of the system.To address this issue,a permanent DC fault ride-through coordinated control strategy based on precise control of wind farm energy storage is proposed.Firstly,the structure of the system,the energy storage control strategy,and the configuration of energy storage capacity are explained.Then,considering that one pole of the bipolar MMC-HVDC system still has the ability to operate normally when the other polar exits,the fault is divided into self-absorption and non-self-absorption cases according to the size of the unbalanced power.In the case of self-absorption,the unbalanced power is transferred to non-fault poles.In the case of non-self-absorption,the unbalanced power is precisely distributed to the internal energy storage units of the wind turbines based on the different State of Charge （SOC）levels.This ensures power balance in the system while reducing the differences between energy storage units.The capacity constraint of the energy storage units is addressed by the stepwise cut-off method,which ensures that the power balance is maintained when an internal energy storage unit is removed from operation.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed fault ride-through scheme is verified through model simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.

As an effective mechanism to achieve China's dual carbon goals,the impact of carbon emission rights allocation has become a crucial factor that needs to be considered in power quantity balancing.To address the issue of ineffective allocation of carbon emission rights resources under existing methods in the power industry,this study proposes an uncertainty power quantity balancing model under a carbon emission rights allocation scheme based on data envelopment analysis.Firstly,an analysis of carbon emission rights allocation policies is conducted,and a carbon emission rights allocation method based on data envelopment analysis is proposed.Secondly,considering the uncertainty introduced by the high proportion of renewable energy grid integration,a power quantity balancing model that incorporates carbon emission rights allocation is developed.The model is transformed into a solvable deterministic model using robust optimization methods based on multi-segment interval uncertainty sets.Finally,simulation results on the HRP-38 system demonstrate that the carbon emission rights allocation method based on data envelopment analysis can reduce carbon emission costs and effectively allocate carbon emission rights resources.This research provides technical support for formulating carbon emission rights allocation schemes in power quantity balancing analysis.

The wind power grid connected system relies on a phase-locked loop to maintain synchronous operation with the system and achieve decoupling control of active and reactive power.Under large disturbances,the phase-locked loop is highly susceptible to the influence of the grid connection point voltage,leading to wind turbines losing synchronization and disconnecting from the grid.Firstly,the equivalent rotor motion equation of the direct driven wind power grid connected system during the transient period was established,and its synchronization characteristics were characterized and analyzed.Then,by analogy with the power angle stability theory of traditional synchronous generators,analyze the existence of the transient stability equilibrium point of the system under a certain initial state and fault intensity.On this basis,the transient stability domain of active and reactive current injection during power grid faults was comprehensively characterized,and a series of characteristic points in the stability domain were analyzed in detail,providing design basis for different purpose oriented stability control strategies.Finally,a simulation model of a direct driven wind power grid connected system was built on the PSCAD platform,and the transient characteristics of the system under active and reactive current injection at corresponding feature points were quantitatively analyzed.Relevant simulation cases verified the theoretical analysis and the rationality of the proposed transient stability domain.

Based on the inception mechanism of lightning upward leader from wind turbine blade,the critical inception height （CIH）is defined.Around obtained CIH and proportion of CIH,an assessment method of triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines based on CIH is proposed.Physical simulation model of lightning strike of wind turbine is established,the assessment method of triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines was applied to assess the ability of multi-wind turbines under different numbers,sizes,and thundercloud heights.The research shows that proposal of relevant assessment method provides important support for exploring triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines.Under different numbers and sizes of wind turbines,compared to single wind turbine,triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines shows a weakening trend.When height of thundercloud drops to a certain value,triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines will be stronger than that of single wind turbine when height of thunderclouds is higher.In addition,in scenario of multi-wind turbines,a decrease in number of wind turbines or an increase in size of wind turbines will lead to an enhancement in triggered lightning capability of multi-wind turbine.At the same time, lower height of thunderclouds is,greater enhancement of triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines is.The relevant conclusions will provide theoretical support and necessary reference for assessment of triggered lightning ability of multi-wind turbines under different conditions.

Miniaturized modular power supplies hold considerable significance in domains such as telecommunications,automotive engineering,aerospace technology,and data processing systems.By elevating the operating frequency of circuits,the size of passive components can be diminished,thereby enhancing the system's overall power density.This paper explores a half-bridge LLC resonant converter configuration,delving into its fundamental working principles and distinctive characteristics while aligning system parameters with specific project requirements.Recognizing the effect of leakage inductance on the transformer's secondary side under high-frequency conditions,an optimized circuit model is proposed.To ensure soft-switching attributes,the parameter calculation methodology has been meticulously refined.A prototype leveraging Gallium Nitride （GaN）technology was developed for empirical validation.It delivers a rated output power of 300 W,operates at a switching frequency of 1 MHz,sustains a nominal input voltage of 48 V,and outputs a voltage of 12 V.The system achieves an efficiency of 95.6%at full load, substantiating the accuracy and reliability of the theoretical analysis presented herein.

To accurately predict the operation status of wind turbines,realize early warning of wind turbine failures, and reduce the maintenance and operation costs,this article proposes an QPSO-CNN-Bi-LSTM-Attention based wind turbine condition prediction method.Firstly,KPCA algorithm is used to extract principal components of wind turbine SCADA monitoring data,and SPE is calculated to construct training set and testing set of wind turbine condition Secondly,the hyperparameters of the QPSO-CNN-Bi-LSTM-Attention model are optimized based on the training set data of the normal and abnormal conditions of the wind turbine,and the SPE of the testing set data is calculated to realize early warning of abnormal state by contrast SPE with its threshold.Finally,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by an example analysis of the SCADA monitoring data of 1.5 WM wind turbine in a wind farm in Inner Mongolia.Case studies show that the proposed method can better extract the principal components hidden in nonlinear data,and has better prediction performance and stability compared with CNN,LSTM and CNN-LSTM methods in condition prediction of wind turbines.

Aiming at the problems of equipment selection and capacity configuration of roof integrated photovoltaic storage system,this paper proposes the method of roof photovoltaic equipment selection and capacity optimization configuration based on multi-energy flow balance network model.The equipment and energy flow in the integrated photovoltaic storage system are abstracted as the binary relationship between nodes and branches,and the multi-energy flow balance network modeling is constructed to portray the multi-energy flow coupling relationship and distribution characteristics within the system；through the analysis of the multi-energy flow balance network topology,the graph theoretic method of vertex graph decomposition is applied,and the energy flow correlation matrix between the aggregation-assignment vertexes and the equipment to be selected is formed,and the equipment to be selected is combined in the form of 0-1 variables.The problem of optimizing the capacity allocation of rooftop photovoltaic integrated system is introduced,and an integer linear programming model with comprehensive consideration of economic and energy-saving indexes,as well as equipment selection,capacity allocation and operation constraints,is established.Through simulation,the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed modeling method in improving the economy and energy utilization level of building roof integrated photovoltaic storage system are verified.

In recent years,with the rapid expansion of ultra-high voltage （UHV）long-distance overhead transmission networks and the continuous extension of power infrastructure coverage,the frequency of ice disasters has surged significantly.Chain fault events such as conductor breakage and tower collapse have occurred frequently,posing severe challenges to the secure and stable operation of power systems.To mitigate these impacts,it is crucial to enhance power system resilience during ice disasters.This involves calculating ice thickness on transmission lines using weather forecasts and micro-terrain data,determining the total load on lines and towers,and assessing the change in line failure rates based on design strengths.System operating states are simulated to construct resilience indices and evaluate system resilience.Enhancement methods are applied in pre-disaster,during-disaster,and post-disaster stages to improve system resilience.

In order to support the construction of a new power system,the hydropower function has gradually changed from 'power supply'to power supply flexible regulation'.The traditional day-ahead scheduling method of hydropower cannot cope with the short-term new energy fluctuation of power system because it cannot realize the real-time power balance adjustment of hydropower in power system.To this end,this paper proposes a multi-time scale scheduling strategy for cascade hydropower systems considering source-load collaborative optimization to deeply tap the potential of hydropower flexible regulation.Firstly,based on the characteristics of cascade hydropower operation,the problems existing in its participation in real-time power balance regulation of power system are analyzed from two aspects of power and water quantity.Secondly,the synergistic and complementary mechanism of source-side cascade hydropower and load-side flexible regulation resources is analyzed,and the multi-time scale scheduling framework of source-load of cascade water-wind-fire system is constructed.In the real-time stage,the allowable fluctuation range of water level is introduced to limit the fluctuation range of reservoir water level in the real-time regulation stage.Finally, the original model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming model by using the linearization method,and the example analysis is carried out in the IEEE39 node system.The results show that compared with the traditional day-ahead scheduling method,the proposed method reduces the system operating cost by 9.3%，increases the wind power consumption by 1.52%，and reduces the system carbon emission by 4.85%.It can help the system to achieve safe,economic and low-carbon operation.

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles,V2X Vehicle to Everything）technology has become an effective means for vehicle-grid-load interconnection and energy sharing.As the core component of V2X technology,the bidirectional DC-DC converter is a key device for energy interaction.Faced with the significant voltage fluctuations of power batteries,how to maximize weighted efficiency over a wide voltage range,reduce the number of components,and enhance power density has always been the goal pursued in the development of V2X bidirectional converters.This paper focuses on wide-range gain bidirectional quasi-single-stage isolated DC-DC converters,which summarizes and reviews the existing research from three aspects:converter topology,modulation strategy,and control.The paper also identifies the shortcomings and challenges of the current research.

The electric heating load can provide a variety of auxiliary services to the power system,which can reduce carbon emissions while improving the stability of the power system.With the deepening of its research at home and abroad,its application scale has gradually expanded.Based on the research results at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the key technologies of electric heating load participating in power grid regulation from four aspects single electric heating model analysis,electric heating load group aggregation mode analysis,electric heating regulation ability evaluation and electric heating participating in power grid auxiliary regulation control mode.Finally,the key technologies of electric heating load participating in power grid regulation are summarized.Combined with the problems faced by the current technology,the three future research directions of improving the modeling accuracy of electric heating load,considering the income problem of the third party and optimizing the scheduling strategy are prospected.

Based on the principle of coherent Doppler velocimetry,a wind-measuring lidar system with 3D scanning function is developed.By constructing the three-wave beam scanning mode and the speed azimuth display algorithm, the dynamic reconstruction of 3D wind field in the atmospheric boundary layer is realized.The synchronous observation test of ground-based radar and 3D laser radar was carried out in Lankao Plain area of Henan Province,and the linear regression model and timing analysis method were used to compare the horizontal wind speed,wind direction and 140m radial wind speed at the 280m height layer.The experimental results show that the horizontal wind speed measurement shows significant linear correlation；the wind direction data maintain high consistency （R2=0.908），but there is local directional deviation；the characteristics of radial wind speed has good synchronization （R2=0.982）。The 3D radar system shows the technical advantages of second-level refresh rate and sub-meter-level spatial resolution,which can accurately capture the low-altitude jet current and wind shear phenomenon.This study verifies the measurement reliability of 3D laser wind measurement technology in flat terrain,and provides a high-precision detection method for micro-site location and wake effect assessment of wind farms.

In the integrated energy system,the electrical and thermal systems are connected through coupling elements The violation of the node variables of any subsystem may lead to unstable and unsafe operation of the entire integrated energy system.To this end,the static voltage and air pressure safety and stability margin indicators of the integrated energy system and strategies to improve the security of the integrated energy system are proposed.First,a model of the electrical and thermal system in the integrated energy system is constructed,and the coupling hub adopts the energy hub model；secondly,the alternating solution method of Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the multi-energy flow equation of the integrated energy system；next,the static voltage and pressure safety are given Margin range and related safety strategies:Based on the given safety margin index,use the sensitivity method to analyze the safety margin of state variables such as node voltage and air pressure under load disturbance to determine the weak links of the system；finally,select an appropriate strategy to Ensure that the system's node voltage and node air pressure meet safety margin requirements after load fluctuations.The calculation example analysis shows that the method proposed in this paper to determine system weak links is more efficient,and the proposed strategy can help improve the system security of the integrated energy system and enable it to operate reliably.

At present,in the formulation of the in-plant operation strategy of pumped-storage power plants,there are problems such as not distinguishing the power characteristics of the same type of units,reducing the number of start-stops of the units,and the units working in the near-vibration range.In order to solve the above problems,this paper proposes an operation strategy of units in a pumped-storage power station based on unit combination optimization.On the basis of distinguishing the operating characteristics of units of the same type,optimization is carried out with the goal of minimum water consumption.List the unit combinations in the dispatching period,carry out the priority sorting with the goal of the least water consumption,and filter by the unit start and stop constraints.Based on this,the unit combination scheme in each dispatching period is obtained,and the power allocation of each unit is determined according to the screening results.The simulation results show that the strategy in this paper is effective in reducing water loss and improving the overall efficiency of pumped-storage power stations.

In recent years,with the application of multilevel power amplifier in high precision field,the total harmonic distortion （THD）has become an important index in high-precision fields.Firstly,this paper introduces the application of multilevel power amplifier in the field of high precision and the harmonic problems caused by it.At the same time, the root of total harmonic distortion caused in a multilevel power amplifier system is elucidated.Then,the main literature is classified according to the means used to suppress total harmonic distortion,and the advantages and disadvantages of different harmonic suppression methods in topology,modulation strategy and multimodal control are summarized.In addition,the principle and characteristics of the new theory and method of harmonic suppression are emphatically expounded.Finally,a summary of THD suppression methods for multilevel power amplifiers was provided, highlighting research ideas for increasing the number of voltage levels and response speed,etc.

In order to solve the problems of grid current impact and output power overshoot caused by the switching between the two working modes of remote island and grid connection of the microgrid inverter, an improved dual- mode unified control strategy was designed on the basis of droop control, drawing on the control of virtual synchronous machine, adding an inertia adjustment unit in the active droop control, and adding an integral link in the active and reactive droop control at the same time. While suppressing the impact of the incoming current, the system power is stably output at the rated value, and combined with the active pre- synchronization control of the grid, the smooth switching of the inverter's off/on- grid mode is realized. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper, and the inverter can achieve stable control of output power in both off- grid and grid- connected modes, and there is no voltage and current impulse when the mode is switched.

With the high development of energysystem interconnection and energy transaction marketization,the regional interconnection of Multi-Integrated Energy System（MIES）makes the energy utilization efficiency of Integrated Energy System （IES）more efficient and the economic benefits more considerable.Firstly,this paper constructs the energy sharing architecture of MIES cooperation alliance under the background of multi-energy market, and establishes the power and backup point to point （P2P）transaction model between MIES.Secondly,the uncertainty of new energy output,the risk of electricity price and reserve price fluctuation are analyzed.In this paper,the conditional value-at-risk （CVaR）theory is used to construct the risk cost function and incorporate it into the comprehensive operation cost model.Finally,the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers （ADMM）is selected for distributed solution,and the correctness and rationality of the model are verified by an example analysis.The minimization of MIES operating cost and the maximization of payment income are realized,which reflects the influence of different conditional risk aversion coefficients on MIES.

To address the issues of large active power fluctuations and low tracking accuracy in traditional wind and solar hybrid energy stations, leveraging the fast response speed and low adjustment cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems, this paper proposes an optimized control strategy based on real- time PV compensation. Firstly, the maximum achievable active power of the station is calculated. An Adaptive Exponential Moving Average (AEMA) algorithm is employed to process the theoretical power, enhancing the confidence level of the maximum achievable active power and reducing the fluctuation in the station's active power. Secondly, optimize the instruction computing module. By controlling the active power of the PV subsystem, and based on the time- misalignment and stepwise adjustment of wind and PV commands, the power deviation required for the tracking and scheduling commands of the wind and solar hybrid energy station is compensated in real- time. Finally, The strategy was tested on- site at wind and solar hybrid power stations. The results show that the proposed control strategy improves the station's regulation accuracy and reduces active power fluctuations compared to conventional strategies, and has broad application prospects.

In this paper, on the basis of explaining the working principle of the current- limiting SSSC, the SSSC is adopted to strengthen the electrical connection between the sending end and the receiving end of the wind- thermal binding system. Based on the equivalent external characteristics of the doubly fed induction generator, a power model is established for the wind- thermal binding system with the current- limiting SSSC in normal operation, fault periods, and after faults. The relationship between the limiting resistance of the current- limiting SSSC and the defined initial swing transient stability margin is derived through the area- equal principle. A strategy is proposed to ensure the stability of the initial swing during fault periods by injecting the limiting resistance. The influence of wind power active power recovery and the compensation degree of the SSSC on the electromagnetic power after the fault removal is analyzed, and a control strategy is proposed to suppress the power oscillation after the first swing by changing the compensation degree of the SSSC according to the change of the angle of attack of the steam turbine and the recovery of wind power in each odd and even swing process. The simulation results in Simulink show that the control strategy of the current- limiting SSSC in different swing periods can effectively improve the transient stability of the wind- thermal binding system.

With the full integration of wind and solar renewable energy,the increase of the total amount of wind and solar energy and the problem of insufficient system power regulation margin are becoming more and more serious.In order to realize the economic utilization of renewable energy and the stable operation of energy system,it is urgent to solve these problems,this paper proposes a bi- level optimal scheduling strategy for power margin adjustment of wind- solar- thermal- ammonia combined system considering ammonia waste heat recovery. Firstly,the overall power regulation margin model of thermal power unit- ammonia energy system and its waste heat recovery is established. Then,considering the influence of ambient temperature on the waste heat recovery efficiency of ammonia energy system,a bi- level optimal scheduling model is constructed with the maximum power regulation margin of wind- solar- fire- ammonia combined system as the upper objective and the minimum total cost as the lower objective.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed optimal scheduling method can improve the power regulation margin of the combined system and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

The "dual carbon"goal propels the quick growth of new energy,and the large-scale wind power is connected to the grid via the traditional high-voltage direct current transmission （LCC-HVDC），which is the main way of wind power development and utilization.Subsynchronous oscillation is mostly caused by an inappropriate interaction between direct drive wind farms and LCC-HVDC,however there are many different causes that might cause it.In this article,the sub-synchronous oscillation problem of direct-drive wind farm via LCC-HVDC transmission system is addressed,and the impedance model of direct-drive wind turbine,DC transmission system and Point of Common Coupling （PCC）port is constructed by perturbation determination method.Based on the impedance analysis method,a stability criterion applicable to the AC/DC system is proposed to analyze the dominant factors affecting the stability domain of the system and the influence of each device on the impedance characteristics of the system,and the influence law of the control parameters on the impedance characteristics of the system is revealed.The results show that a decrease in the proportional coefficient and an increase in the integral coefficient of the rectifier side controllers of the direct drive wind farm GSC and LCC-HVDC will lead to negative resistance characteristics in the impedance of LCC-HVDC and wind turbine ports,resulting in negative damping characteristics in the parallel impedance composed of the direct drive wind farm and LCC-HVDC,indicating the risk of sub synchronous oscillation in the system.Finally, the time domain simulation of PSCAD/EMTDC platform is carried out to further verify the influence of control parameters on system stability.

In the face of large-scale development and utilization of new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic, the problem of insufficient flexibility of power system operation has become increasingly prominent.With the continuous advancement of electric energy transformation,the continuous innovation of power technology and the wide application of distributed generation technology,the load side is developing rapidly towards the trend of digitization,intelligence and activeness.Among them,temperature control loads such as air conditioning and electric heating show great adjustable potential.It is necessary to sort out the current research progress and future direction of temperature control load participating in grid auxiliary service technology from different angles.Firstly,the challenges faced by the active frequency control of the power grid under the new power system are summarized.Combined with the control framework of different frequency modulation mechanisms,the principles and characteristics of each control method of the temperature control load participating in the frequency modulation of the power grid are described in detail,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed.Secondly,the performance and application scenarios of single temperature control load and aggregation model are evaluated.Finally,the main problems and technical methods of air-conditioning load participating in different auxiliary services such as primary frequency modulation,secondary frequency modulation and underfrequency load shedding are summarized,so as to promote the temperature-controlled load to become an important part of power system frequency modulation in the future.

To mitigate the impact of renewable energy fluctuations on the power grid and achieve a balance between flexibility and toughness in the multi- energy coupling system, a robust and flexible regulation strategy for the multi- energy coupling system considering wind and solar uncertainty is proposed. The strategy involves tapping into the flexibility resources of sources, storage, and loads, determining the day- ahead plan based on the linkage of these flexible resources, and conducting robust intra- day regulation considering wind and solar fluctuations. Finally, a simulation analysis is conducted on a regional system in Northeast China, comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of the operation plan from the economic cost, peak shaving and valley filling, wind and solar absorption and low carbon emissions. The results show that the robust and flexible regulation strategy for the multi- energy coupling system considering wind and solar uncertainty can effectively enhance its flexibility and toughness. When the wind and solar conservation parameter is 10/5 and the wind and solar uncertainty parameter is?σw,t/σv,tσw,t?/σv,t??, the wind and solar absorption rate is increased by 1.57%, the economic cost is saved by 53.90%, the peak shaving and valley filling is reduced by 0.36%, and the carbon emission of low- carbon units is reduced by 15.57%.

With the wide application of power monitoring system,the management of cyberspace assets is becoming more and more complex,facing the problems of various data and unknown classification.To solve the above problems, the research on the construction and prediction recognition method of the cyberspace asset portrait of the power monitoring system was proposed.It proposes a prediction recognition method combined with MLP_LSTM model,which constructs a preliminary portrait of assets through asset information collection and feature extraction.Then,MLP is used to perform the nonlinear mapping of features,and LSTM model is introduced to capture the time series information of assets to achieve more accurate prediction and recognition.The simulation experiments show that,compared with the traditional method,the proposed method not only significantly improves the management efficiency and security,but also further improves the accuracy of prediction and identification through the introduction of MLP_LSTM model,which provides strong technical support for the intelligent management of cyberspace assets of the power monitoring system.

The modular design and parallel optimization control of the DC microgrid distributed power supply system significantly enhance system stability and power expansion capabilities.However,due to the dynamic parameter cross-coupling characteristics of the bidirectional isolated converter parallel system,new challenges are brought to system modeling and stability analysis.Therefore,based on the unified dynamic model of the Dual Active Bridge （DAB）converter,a parallel integral droop control modeling method for multi-energy converters is proposed.The simulation results show that the proposed modeling method can accurately predict the step disturbance response,verifying the accuracy of the model.

Extreme disasters may cause large-scale energy supply problems in the electricity-gas integrated energy system,resulting in power outages and gas outages.Existing fault scenario screening methods mostly focus on single fault scenarios and lack modeling of the cascading fault propagation mechanism in the electricity-gas coupled system,resulting in insufficient robustness prediction of the evaluation results for extreme disasters.This paper constructs a cascading failure model for the electricity-gas integrated energy system,considers the fault propagation mechanism of power transmission lines and natural gas pipelines,constructs a dynamic propagation model of cascading failures based on Markov decision process,and uses the proximal policy optimization algorithm to efficiently search and optimize disaster scenarios.Finally,a cascading failure model for the electricity-gas integrated energy system is built based on the IEEE 30-node power grid and 20-node gas grid,and the PPO algorithm training process is tested.The example shows that this method can identify serious fault scenarios and fault propagation paths and ensure good convergence,thereby improving the emergency response capability of the electricity-gas integrated energy system when it is impacted.

In order to address the issue of inadequate voltage gain in conventional two- stage matrix converters, this paper puts forth a novel three- level high gain split- source flying capacitor two- stage matrix converter (TL- HGSSFC- TSMC) and undertakes a comprehensive investigation of its modulation strategy. The converter integrates the functionality of a two- stage matrix converter, a novel high- gain split- source network, and a three- level flying capacitor inverter, with the objective of enhancing the voltage gain and the quality of the output waveform of the converter. The rectifier stage modulation employs a zero- free vector modulation strategy, and the operating principles of the high- gain split- source network and the three- level flying capacitor topology are systematically analyzed. The flying capacitor inverter stage employs the enhanced space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method based on phase- shifted carrier, a technique that effectively addresses the flying capacitor voltage unbalance issue. Subsequent to the theoretical underpinnings, a simulation verification procedure was executed using Matlab/Simulink. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed converter substantially enhances the voltage transfer ratio and attains a three- level output when contrasted with the conventional topology.

In the context of addressing global climate change and reducing carbon emissions,wind power,as a key component of clean energy,is receiving increasing attention.With the rapid growth of wind power installations,there is a trend towards larger and more efficient wind turbine generators.Yaw control strategies play a critical role in enhancing wind energy capture efficiency,reducing operational and maintenance costs,and extending the lifespan of wind turbines,thus serving as essential means to improve the economic viability and sustainability of wind power.This paper systematically reviews the current research status and development trends in yaw control strategies for wind turbines,with a focus on the structural design and aerodynamic characteristics of yaw systems.It particularly examines the impacts of various control strategies on turbine fatigue loads,wind energy capture efficiency,and wake effects.Finally,based on current research trends,the paper proposes directions and technical pathways for optimizing yaw control strategies,offering insights and references for achieving efficient yaw control in future wind turbines.